<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coordination Nationale de la Sécurité Alimentaire (CNSA),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation Rapide d'Urgence de la Sécurité Alimentaire post Séisme</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livelihoods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Earthquake Assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gouvernement d'Haiti</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Port-au-Prince, Haiti</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">French</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This exhaustive report, compiled in the month following the 2010 earthquake, details the status of basic services and food security in rural and urban Haiti. Looking at the current conditions of the displaced populations in Port-au-Prince, the access to potable water, housing, and basic goods, the report gives indicators on vulnerabilities and quality of life in the capital city and for those who have left for the further regions. By offering maps and statistics on populations directly and indirectly effected by the earthquake, the report gives a holistic picture of the daily vulnerabilities of the country and its people.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gouvernement d'Haiti</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States Agency for International Development (USAID),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Executive Brief: Haiti: Implications of the earthquake on food security in Haiti</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Executive Brief: Haiti: Implications of the earthquake on food security in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livelihoods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Earthquake Assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26 January 2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID, FEWS NET, CNSA/MARNDR</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, D.C.</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This post-earthquake analysis on the status of food security in Haiti covers the background of the earthquake, the subsequent internal displacement of Port-au-Prince inhabitants, and the effects on the food supply for the country. The report outlines environmental and humanitarian pressures that will arise in the regions around Port-au-Prince as populations utelize government-provided transportation, and the expected return to Port-au-Prince once reconstruction has begun. This report includes food price charts for markets in Port-au-Prince and Jacmel pre- and post-quake.The report ends with recommendations that include an emphasis on structural rather than food aid, providing shelters agaisnt the rainy season rather than over-compensation with food supply, as local foods are presently available.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(USAID)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Earthquake 2010 Post Disaster Needs Assessment Discussion Paper -- Domestic Energy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Earthquake 2010 Post Disaster Needs Assessment Discussion Paper</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Earthquake 2010 Post Disaster Needs Assessment Discussion Paper -- Domestic Energy</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Earthquake Assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discussion Paper</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United Nations</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This discussion paper outlines the concepts to be pursued by the Haitian and international community to meet the energy needs of the nation while not returning to pre-earthquake practice, which is widely acknowledged to be highly unstable and unsustainable. Instead, the paper proposes concepts to acheive new domestic energy dependence not reliant on deforestation or illegal import and export, but rather expanding sustainable charcoal use, brickette use, and gas. The concepts also greatly increase those attached to the electric grid and increasing the energy available through undertaking renewable energy alternatives.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(UNEP)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States Agency for International Development (USAID),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential Effects of the January 2010 Earthquake on Rural Haiti</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential Effects of the January 2010 Earthquake on Rural Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livelihoods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Earthquake Assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID, FEWS NET</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This brief document gives an overview on the challenges faced by the rural majority of Haiti after the January 2010 earthquake disrupted the country's main port and cut off the majority of its food supply, while at the same time displaced many from the city center back to the rural areas, increasing pressure on cut-off livelihoods and the already tight food supply. This document includes FEWS NET maps detailing the ports, food commodity and trade flows, livelihoods, reliance on purchased food and sources of income for the population by region.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(USAID)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaaf, Brian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeding Reconstruction or Destruction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Innovation. Choice, Partnership, Community.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, CIAT, Community, FAO, Floresta, Food Security, Hunger, IDB, IFAD, Jatropha, Lambi Fund, Malnutrition, MARNDR, Mercy Corps, Nutrition, ORE, Oxfam, reforestation, UNEP, Veterimed, WFP, World Bank.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April, 30th 2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Innovation.</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Innovation is an all-volunteer, non profit consultancy. Created by former Peace Corps Volunteers, the Haiti Innovation team offers technical expertise and in depth knowledge of Haitian developmental challenges and solutions.¬†It is a 501(c)3 registered organization. The opinions of its Board of Directors and the Advisory Committee do not reflect the official views of any U.S. Government agency, international, or non-governmental organization.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),</style></author></authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disasters, Management</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNEP Haiti Rapid Environmental Assessment and follow-up</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Earthquake response effort</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNEP Haiti Rapid Environmental Assessment and follow-up</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Earthquake Assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27 January 2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United Nations Environment Programme</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geneva</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Published 27 January, this Rapid Environmental Assessment reviews all perceivable environmental hazards and pressures after the 12 January 2010 earthquake. Briefly oulines immediate geological, marine and population hazards, making note of areas for potential improvement with rebuilding. Areas of opportunity include shifts to more renewable energies, like gas, instead of charbon, and implementing food- or cash-for-work schemes involving reforestation. Population displacement to the southern peninsula, central and northern parts of the country represent opportunity to launch rural development programs, they also pose immediate threats to the environmental stability of the regions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(UNEP)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dixon, Sam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holt, Julius</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Port-au-Prince Urban Baseline: An Assessment of Food and Livelihood Security in Port-au-Prince</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Port-au-Prince Urban Baseline: An Assessment of Food and Livelihood Security in Port-au-Prince</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livelihoods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbanization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April-May, 2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This USAID report provides statistical information on the status of food and livelihood security in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The report was compiled from interviews in the different neighborhoods in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan region. It examines the average expenditures and incomes of the four different categorized groups in Port-au-Prince: the very poor, poor, medium, and better off. The choices and avalabilities for expenditures on food and sources on income vary greatly based on each group; the report examines the vulnerability of each group based on these indicators, evaluating as well the reliance on remittances which may affect the incomes of Port-au-Prince residents from each economic group.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ministère de la Planification et de la Coopération Externe (MPCE),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Programme d'urgence pre-saison pluvieuse et cyclonique dans les zones au risques climatiques: Repartition financière et géographique des programmes et projets</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Government Document</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soils and Erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watershed Management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Republique d'Haiti</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Port-au-Prince</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">French</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This government proposal outlines the financial needs to rebuild and restore leading up to the 2009 rainy and cyclonic seasons. Focusing on severely at-risk areas, including Gonaives and Jacmel, the proposal includes itemized costs to prevent against future flooding, restore the Jacmel watershed, and focus on public health, potable water, and infrastructure.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(MPCE)</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Republique d'Haïti</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reed, Darryl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What do Corporations have to do with Fair Trade? Positive and Normative Analysis from a Value Chain Perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Business Ethics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What do Corporations have to do with Fair Trade? Positive and Normative Analysis from a Value Chain Perspective</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Business and Economics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-26</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0167-4544</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turvey, Samuel, H. Meredith, Paul Scofield</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continued survival of Hispaniolan solenodon Solenodon paradoxus in Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flora and Fauna International</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continued survival of Hispaniolan solenodon Solenodon paradoxus in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">611-614</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Hispaniolan solenodon Solenodon paradoxus, one of only two surviving native Hispaniolan land mammals, has declined drastically in Haiti and has only been recorded from the Duchity region of the Massif de la Hotte in recent decades. Previous studies have been pessimistic about the probability of even short-term survival of this relict population, predicting its likely extinction by the start of the 21st century becaus of a range of anthropogenic threats... GIven the lack of any targeted mammal conservation research in Haiti for almost 2 decades, immediate further investigation is required into solenodon distribution, habitat utilization, density, and interaction with introduced predators across the region. The solenodons of the Massif de la Hotte may represent a distinct taxon, making the establishment of an effective research and conservation programme for this population an urgen priority.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation (MPEC),</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Monetary Fund (IMF),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti: Poverty reduction strategy paper</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP).</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti: Poverty reduction strategy paper</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMF Country Report No. 08/115</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMF</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington DC.</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMF Country Report No. 08/115</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) are prepared by member countries in broad consultation with stakeholders and development partners, including the staffs of the World Bank and the IMF. Updated every three years with annual progress reports, they describe the country's macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. This country document for Haiti, submitted in French on November 30, 2007, is being made available on the IMF website by agreement with the member country as a service to users of the IMF website.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(MPEC)(IMF)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verner, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labor markets in rural and urban Haiti. Based on the first household survey for Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Policy Research Working Paper</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labor markets in rural and urban Haiti. Based on the first household survey for Haiti.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">labor markets, Haiti, income generation, farm employment, non-farm employment, wages, income, productivity, Living Conditions Survey.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WPS 4574</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The World Bank</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, D.C.</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 of 1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper addresses labor markets in Haiti, including farm and nonfarm employment and income generation. The analyses are based on the first Living Conditions Survey of 7,186 households covering the whole country and representative at the regional level. The findings suggest that four key determinants of employment and productivity in nonfarm activities are education, gender, location, and migration status. This is emphasized when nonfarm activities are divided into low-return and high-return activities. The wage and producer income analyses reveal that education is key to earning higher wages and incomes. Moreover, producer incomes increase with farm size, land title, and access to tools, electricity, roads, irrigation, and other farm inputs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verner, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Making poor Haitians count: Poverty in rural and urban Haiti. Based on the first household survey for Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Policy Research Working Paper</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Making poor Haitians count: Poverty in rural and urban Haiti. Based on the first household survey for Haiti.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">poverty, Haiti, Living Conditions Survey, income, poor, households, livelihoods.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WPS4571</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The World Bank</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, D.C.</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 of 1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper analyzes poverty in Haiti based on the first Living Conditions Survey of 7,186 households covering the whole country and representative at the regional level. Using a USD1 a day extreme poverty line, the analysis reveals that 49 percent of Haitian households live in absolute poverty. Twenty, 56, and 58 percent of households in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively, are poor. At the regional level, poverty is especially extensive in the northeastern and northwestern regions. Access to assets such as education and infrastructure services is highly unequal and strongly correlated with poverty. Moreover, children in indigent households attain less education than children in nonpoor households. Controlling for individual and household characteristics, location, and region, living in a rural area does not by itself affect the probability of being poor. But in rural areas female headed households are more likely to experience poverty than male headed households. Domestic migration and education are both key factors that reduce the likelihood of falling into poverty. Employment is essential to improve livelihoods and both the farm and nonfarm sector play a key role.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dolisca, Frito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDaniel, Joshua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shannon, Dennis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jolly, Curtis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling farm households for estimating the efficiency of policy instruments on sustainable land use in Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use Policy</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling farm households for estimating the efficiency of policy instruments on sustainable land use in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Parks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8 January 2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">130-138</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degradation of natural resources in Haiti has been a growing concern to foresters, environmentalists, and local populations. Various approaches based on ‚Äúparticipatory‚Äù, ‚ÄúÔ¨Ånes and taxes‚Äù and ‚Äúcommand and control‚Äù regulations, have been unsuccessfully implemented to persuade farm households to adopt conservation measures. Negative impacts on the welfare of farmers limit the efÔ¨Åciency of these approaches for forest conservation. This paper investigates alternative solutions to the problem of deforestation of Haiti using linear programming models. More speciÔ¨Åcally, this study evaluates the role of various policy instruments on large-income farm households and low-income farm households‚Äô welfare and forest conservation in Haiti. Data from 243 farmers inside the Foret of the Foret des Pins Reserve are used in the empirical analysis. Results suggest that agricultural subsidies tied to environmental conservation would promote a more sustainable resource use in Foret des Pins Reserve.</style></abstract><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auburn University</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minasny, Budiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McBratney, Alex. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lark, R. Murray</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Mapping Technologies for Countries with Sparse Data Infrastructures</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Mapping Technologies for Countries with Sparse Data Infrastructures</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Digital Soil Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DSM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LDSF</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedotransfer function</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scorpan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil function</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartemink et al.</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toussaint, Etienne Clement</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Converting sugarcane waste into charcoal for Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Mechanical Engineering</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Converting sugarcane waste into charcoal for Haiti</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge, Massachusetts</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor of Science</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Haiti, most families have traditionally relied on wood and wood-derived charcoal as their primary fuel source for indoor cooking. This resource has proven to be unsustainable, however, as over 90% of the Haitian countryside has already been deforested and wood is now in low supply. As a poor country, importing fuel is not a viable option and thus, the ability to utilize renewable energy sources is critical. The work of the Edgerton Development Lab, under the guidance of Amy Smith, has developed a process utilizing an oil drum kiln to convert readily available agricultural waste from sugarcane, known as bagasse, into clean burning charcoal briquettes. In order to improve the efficiency of the existing oil drum kiln, this research will explore the design of a brick kiln that is relevant for the social dynamic of developing countries, inexpensive to manufacture and simple to operate. By defining the best system applicable to the Haitian context, this research will enable the efficient production of charcoal. This research will also define the shape of the chamber and the steps involved in the conversion process, enabling Haitians to make use of their natural resources to address a critical energy need. In addition, the enhanced energy efficiency will reduce the production time of the charcoal briquettes. Lastly, this research will explore how this technology can be best integrated into the existing culture and lifestyle of the Haitian community and propose a strategy for community participation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherwood, Stephen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Donald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crissman, Charles</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural encounters: learning from cross-disciplinary science and development practice in ecosystem health</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development in Practice</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural encounters: learning from cross-disciplinary science and development practice in ecosystem health</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 April 2007</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Overcoming challenges to ecosystem health calls for breaking down disciplinary and professional barriers. Through recolection on a research and development project to address pesticide-related concerns in northern Ecuador, this article presents challenges encountered and accommodations made, ranging from staff recruitment, through baseline assessments and community education activities, to mobilising for policy change. In so doing, it exposes underlying problems of paradigm and process inherent in bringing researchers and development practitioners together, in addition to the problematic role of advocacy that is associated with joint research and development initiatives in the fields of agriculture and health.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namaalwa, Justine, Sankhayan, Prem, Hofstad, Ole</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dynamic bio-economic model for analyzing deforestation and degredation: An application to woodlands in Uganda</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dynamic bio-economic model for analyzing deforestation and degredation: An application to woodlands in Uganda</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uganda</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 January 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">479-495</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study is an effort at developing a dynamic non-linear programming bio-economic model capable of analyzing deforestation and degradation processes in the Ugandan woodlands. The model is unique in capturing the entire systems behavior affecting deforestation and degradation, approximated through changes in forest area and stand density. Thus the model incorporates biological factors, such as growth, the socio-economic factors and related interactions between them... The socio-economic factors and relations affecting the woodland deforestation and degradation processes are addressed through incorporation of three sets of activities, namely, crop cultivation, livestock raising and wood harvesting for firewood and charcoal. Demand and supply relations for these activities are linked through behavioral, structural and accounting equations. The production, consumption, and sale decisions are assumed to be made simultaneously by the households. Though, the model can be successfully used at different levels and planning horizons, a village is the decision making unit over the period 2003‚Äì2020 for the purpose of this study... It was observed that none of the policy interventions in this study resulted in reduced degradation and deforestation, which posits a dilemma to the policy makers and implementers. However, we conclude that a well implemented system for taxes or quota restrictions would enhance sustainable resource use in the remaining woodland areas. These interventions are highly limited by implementation and enforcement problems that need to be properly addressed by policy makers and planners.</style></abstract><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norweigan University of Life Sciences</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smucker, Glenn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bannister, Mike</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'Agnes, Heather</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gossin, Yves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portnoff, Marc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timyan, Joel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toias, Scot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toussaint, Ronald</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Vulnerability in Haiti: Findings and Recommendations</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Vulnerability in Haiti: Findings and Recommendations</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irrigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soils and Erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbanization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watershed Management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID, Chemonics International, US Forest Service</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This comprehensive USAID assessment provides an in-depth analysis of the environmental vulnerabilities Haiti faces, with particular focus on natural hazards and disasters, including hurricanes and major flooding. The document heavily emphasizes watershed vulnerability and proposes urgent action in watershed interventions through environmental, social and politically driven solutions. The report proposes incorporating urban planning, risk management, and job creation tasks with watershed regeneration. This document contains many spatial representations of geological features from the watershed level, observing erosion and flooding risks and existing infrastructure present in each watershed. Each chapter, prepared by different team members, includes a full bibliography of works cited and references used for the chapter's completion.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dolisca, Frito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDaniel, Joshua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teeter, Lawrence</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farmers' perceptions towards forests: A case study from Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farmers' perceptions towards forests: A case study from Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Parks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6 July 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">704-712</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated conservation and development projects in the recent years view local people's support for protected areas management as an important element of biodiversity conservation. Increased knowledge about the interaction between conservation of natural resources and the development needs of local people is an essential part of understanding sustainable protected areas management in Haiti. This paper investigates farmers' perceptions on the impact of the For√™t des Pins Reserve on the economic, social, and environmental status of local people using factor analysis and linear structural models. Data from 243 farmers inside the Reserve are used in the empirical analysis. The results suggest that farmers most value economic and environmental objectives, such as tourism and tree planting activities, in promoting forestry programs inside the Reserve. Respondents who believe that their farming activities would benefit from forestry programs through soil protection tended to be more positive.</style></abstract><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auburn University</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vedeld, Paul, Angelson, Arild, Boj√∂, Jan, Sjaastad, Espen, Berg, Gertrude Kobugabe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest environmental incomes and the rural poor</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest environmental incomes and the rural poor</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">869-879</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To what extent do rural people in developing countries depend on forest environmental income? This study addresses this question through a meta-analysis of 51 case studies from 17 countries... Results reveal that forest environmental income represents on average 22% of the total income in the population sampled. The main sources of forest environmental income are fuelwood, wild foods and fodder. Forest environmental income has a strong equalizing effect on local income distribution. Income diversification declined with total income; diversification did, however, increase with dependence on forest resources up to a point, beyond which diversification declined. The partial or complete omission of environmental income in current poverty assessments may lead to an underestimation of rural income and, under certain circumstances, to flawed policies and interventions.</style></abstract><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment Department, World Bank</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Croitoru, Lelia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How much are Mediterranean forests worth?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How much are Mediterranean forests worth?</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19 April 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">536-545</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests provide a wide array of benefits; however, most of them are poorly recognized. This paper presents the results of a study, that attempts to value comprehensively all forest benefits in Mediterranean countries. Its objective is to arrive at a rough order of magnitude of total forest value in each country and in the Mediterranean region as a whole, and of the composition of this value, using available data. Forest benefits are identified based on a common framework and valued using a range of methods. The results, although constrained by data limitations in some cases, show the absolute and relative importance of the different forest benefits, and how they vary across countries.</style></abstract><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centro di Contabilit√† Agraria, Forestale ed Ambientale</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cosgrave, John</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synthesis Report: Expanded Summary. Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synthesis Report: Expanded Summary. Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 tsunami</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livelihoods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveys</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expanded Summary</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsunami Evaluation Coalition</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">London</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Following the immense international response to the devestation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the Tsunami Evaluation Coalition set out to evaluate the aid and intervention delivered on the local, national and international level. Through community-based satisfaction surveys, the TEC report focuses on five thematic evaluations: 1. Coordination of the international response to tsunami-affected countries 2. The role of needs assessment in the tsunami response 3. Impact of the tsunami response on local and national capacities 4. Links between relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) in the tsunami response 5. The funding response to the tsunami. Overwhelmingly, the findings of the evaluations affirm the need to place people‚Äôs priorities at the heart of any future disaster response: The international community time and again descends into crisis situations in large numbers and often leaves the communities it aims to assist undermined. There is a tremendous need to do better and actually support and facilitate communities‚Äô own relief and recovery efforts, and work alongside national counterparts and structures. The report stresses the need for national governments, with international support, to invest heavily in disaster preparedness measures, including public education and environmental regenerative actions. Further, there is a need to hold international agencies accountable, perhaps through a voluntary accredation system.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sikor, Thomas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analyzing community-based forestry: Local, political and agrarian perspectives</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Policy and Economics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analyzing community-based forestry: Local, political and agrarian perspectives</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30 June 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-349</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article serves as a substantive introduction to the special issue on community-based forestry. It situates the articles contained in this issue in relation to existing research on the social relationships and practices constituting forestry on the ground. Three perspectives on local forest relations, two well established and one emergent, are identified. The local perspective accords analytical priority to micro-level processes and emphasizes local factors as the primary influences on local forest relations. The political perspective emphasizes the contested nature of property in forest, linking local contestations to the effects of larger political forces, in particular states. The third, emergent perspective is agrarian, situating local forest relations at the intersection of local-level processes and larger economic and political forces. This article reviews examples of research employing these perspectives, discusses the papers in this volume with an eye on their relations with the agrarian perspective, and links the agrarian perspective to current concerns in forest policy.</style></abstract><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humbolt University</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sudmier-Riuex, Karen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masundire, Hillary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rizvi,  Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rietbergen, Simon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems, Livelihoods and Disasters: An integrated approach to disaster risk management</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems, Livelihoods and Disasters: An integrated approach to disaster risk management</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 tsunami</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Livelihoods</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and other strong natural disasters, the need for ecosystem-based disaster preparedness and recovery has never been clearer. Vulnerability to natural disasters continues to increase, severely compromising the achievement of poverty alleviation goals in many developing countries. A more eÔ¨Äective approach is needed to reduce the impacts of these disasters. This publication proposes an approach that integrates ecosystem management, development planning and risk reduction strategies to reduce disaster impacts and improve both livelihoods and biodiversity outcomes. Ecosystem management can contribute to more eÔ¨Äective reduction of disaster risk in two major ways. Well-managed ecosystems can mitigate the impact of most natural hazards, such as landslides, hurricanes and cyclones. In addition, productive ecosystems can support sustainable income-generating activities and are important assets for people and communities in the aftermath of a disaster. For ecosystems to make these contributions, it is essential that they be factored into relief and rebuilding eÔ¨Äorts in the post-disaster response phase. This report details the needs of such an ecosystem based approach, including recommendations for best practice management in each section.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smucker, Glenn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gardy, Fleurantin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mike, McGahuey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben, Swartley</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture in a Fragile Environment: Market Incentives for Natural Resource Management in Haiti</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture in a Fragile Environment</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soils and Erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watershed Management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521-O-00-05-00066-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;The report reviews the Hillside Agricultural Program and other natural resource management activities in Haiti and proposes guiding elements of project design for a new agricultural and environmental activity. The primary focus of this review was to identify successful program interventions and lessons learned from NRM initiatives in Haiti. In light of these findings, the review serves as a point of reference to propose NRM activities for implementation following the Hillside Agricultural Program...&quot;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation (MPEC),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carte de Pauvreté d'Haïti</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carte de Pauvreté d'Haïti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">poverty, maps, Haiti, poverty reduction, population</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation (MPEC) ,InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Port au Prince</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">French</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La permanence des crises politiques, comme c’est le cas en Haïti, entraîne des niveaux de plus en élevés de pauvreté chronique, compte tenu des réductions de revenus nominaux ou aux érosions de pouvoir d’achat occasionnées par des taux d’inflation élevés, avec leur impact sur les actifs physiques et le capital humain des groupes défavorisés.Pour répondre notamment aux objectifs de justice sociale, les Cartes de pauvreté sont utilisées au niveau du diagnostic, de la prise de décision et du suivi afin de mieux orienter les investissements dans la fourniture de services de base au niveau local à la population. Ainsi, des démarches entrant dans une logique de décentralisation de services sociaux et d'aménagement du territoire sont adoptées avec succès dans plusieurs pays en voie de développement. Ces expériences ont permis de mieux définir des programmes et plans d'actions focalisés vers les couches les plus nécessiteuses et de mieux approcher les grandes options en matière d’aménagement du territoire.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(MPCE)(IDB)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadre de Cooperation Interimaire (CCI),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lessons Learned from the Interim Cooperation Framework (ICF) Process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Interim Cooperation Framework</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lessons Learned from the Interim Cooperation Framework (ICF) Process</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conflict Resolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Risk Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17 October 2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CCI Haiti</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This draft report of the Interim Cooperation Framework (ICF) details the lessons learned in the proccess of creating the ICF as a two-year action plan of strategic recovery in Haiti. The ICF was created by bringing together over 200 national and international experts to conduct research in 16 Theme Groups, ultimately comprising four axes of action: 1.) Strengthen political governance and promote national dialogue 2.) Strengthen economic government and institutional development 3.) Promote economic recovery 4.) Improve access to basic services. In preparing the ICF, successes included the thorough overview of past successes in Haiti, the role played in the process by the interim government, and the strong leadership and coordination of the UN country team and the international community. Points for improvement include a longer time allotted to collect data than the three week time constraint experienced and a more inclusive process reaching out to the community, particularly youth and civil society organizations in Haiti. The process received heavy criticism that both the quality and quantitiy of outreach to Haitian civil society was lacking.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Draft</style></work-type><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(CCI)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Gerald F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bannister, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peasants, agroforesters, and anthropologists: A 20-year venture in income-generating trees and hedgerows in Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peasants, agroforesters, and anthropologists: A 20-year venture in income-generating trees and hedgerows in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">383-397</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter examines the evolving trajectory and emerging lessons from twenty years of agroforestry project activities in Haiti that made it possible for more than 300 000 Haitian peasant households, over a third of the entire rural population of Haiti to plant wood trees as a domesticated, income-generating crop on their holdings.Unusual popular enthusiasm for the project derived from several anthropological and technical design factors: the adaptation of the project to pre-existing Haitian land tenure, tree tenure, and market systems; the elevation of micro-economic over macro-ecological themes; the decision to bypass the Haitian government and operate the project through local NGOs (non-government organizations); the use of a joint-venture mode in which smallholders supplied land and labor and the project supplied capital in the form of seedlings; the use of professionally managed small-container seedling technology rather than backyard nurseries; and a project management policy that encouraged farmer-induced deviations from project assumptions in matters of tree deployment and harvesting schedules. Issues of secure tree tenure were central to farmer planting decisions. The article discusses how secure tree tenure was possible under the heterogeneous informal arrangements that characterize Haitian peasant land enure. The approach generated the birth of several creative Haitian peasant agroforestry configurations described  in the chapter. In discussing lessons learned, the authors argue that long-term environmental payoffs should be viewed, not as the principal project goal, but as secondary side effects of smallholder tree planting decisions made for short-term micro-economic reasons.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sletten, Pal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egset, Willy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poverty in Haiti</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poverty in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FAFO Paper 2004:31</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institute of Applied International Studies (FAFO)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(FAFO)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McClintock, Nathan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regenerative Agriculture for Haiti's Central Plateau: A Sustainable Foundation for Food and Nutrition Security</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regenerative Agriculture for Haiti's Central Plateau</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocational Training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanmi Lasante Paris</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This report on the current status of food insecurity and the challenges of creating a self-sufficient food system in Haiti was created by the author in collaboration with the French organization Zanmi Lasante working on public health in the Central Plateau Region. The report looks at the origins of Haiti's food insecurity and the factors perpetuating it today, focusing on agricultural practices, land tenure, and population dynamics in the Central Plateau. The report briefly details the physical hurdles of slope, degraded soil, and the severe need that drives continual employment of unsustainable practices. The report details the perception of agricultural practices and models from the perspectives of the farmers in the region, giving an overview of community awareness and involvement in current practice and in the possibility of a regenerative agriculture model, which is laid out in detail in the report. Vocational training and support are involved in the model, as is the integration of an agricultural school with training on livestock and crop techniques.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Resources Institute (WRI),</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture and Food-- Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earth Trends Country Profiles</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture and Food-- Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Resources Institute</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A short overview of agricultural practices and food security in Haiti, including graphs, charts and data sets on food production, import, and consumption. Includes definitions of agricultural and food security indicators, and their status in relation to Haiti.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shannon, Dennis A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Findings of Surveys on Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Production in the Grand Anse Department, Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECID/Auburn Plus Report</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Findings of Surveys on Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Production in the Grand Anse Department, Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surveys</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South-East Consortium for International Development, Auburn Universidy</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This report is the result of surveys on yam production in 18 localities in the Grande Anse Departmetn of Haiti. The aim of the surveys was to identify and characterize not only the types of yams grown, but the agricultural methods in place, to understand the constraints on yam production, including diseases and pests. As the author views yam as a product with the potential for domestic and external markets, the report concludes with recommendations for improvements of the stock and production of yams in Haiti.</style></abstract><num-vols><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></num-vols></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International, Winrock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Farmer-to-Farmer Program</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti Farmer-to-Farmer Program</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocational Training</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2001</style></date></pub-dates></dates><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Final Report</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winrock International</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winrock International sponsored a Farmer-to-Farmer program bringing experts in agriculture to Haiti to volunteer to share their expertise with populations in need around Haiti. Target areas included beekeeping, goat husbandry, rabbit production, and technical assistance for partnered NGOs in Haiti. The Farmer-to-Farmer program selected host communities to work with the volunteer experts by their willingness to commit to a long-term goal; the majority of the volunteers worked with existing NGOs, mentoring a staff member to add sustainability to the work performed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shannon, Dennis A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.D., Lea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isaac, Lionel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belfort, Sarah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Productive Land Use Systems Project: Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLUS Project</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Productive Land Use Systems Project: Haiti</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2001</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID/Haiti Economic Growth Office</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521-0217-C-00-5031-00</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smucker, Glenn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">White, T. Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bannister, Michael E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure and the Adoption of Agricultural Technology in Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CGIAR System-wide Program on Property Rights and Collective Action</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure and the Adoption of Agricultural Technology in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Food Policy Research Institute</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper reviews and interprets &quot;the body of literature and new empirical evidence concerning the relationship between land tenure and the adoption of technology in rural Haiti. The findings suggest that (a) formal title is not necessarily more secure than informal arrangements, (b) informal arrangements based on traditional social capital resources assure affordable and flexible access to land for most people, and (c) perceived stability of access to land‚Äîvia stability of personal and social relationships‚Äîis a more important determinant of technology adoption than mode of access. The paper concludes that there is no definitive relationship between tenure and technology adoption by peasants; peasants are preoccupied more by political and economic insecurity than insecure tenure; and rather than tinkering with formalizing tenure, policy makers should prioritize other more fundamental rural sector reforms. The paper ends by considering some of the implications for theory and suggests several avenues for future research on land policy. &quot;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cifuentes Arias, Miguel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capacidad de Carga Turística de las Areas de Uso Público del Monumento Nacional Guayabo, Costa Rica</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capacidad de Carga Turística de las Areas de Uso Público del Monumento Nacional Guayabo, Costa Rica</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa Rica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Parks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tourism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WWF Centroamérica</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turrialba, Costa Rica</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa Rica has a large ecotourism industry that relies on its national parks and monuments. This report in conjunction with the World Wildlife Federation of Central America details the touristic carrying capacity and tourism management plan for the Guayabo National Monument. The objectives of the National monument are to conserve and manage the National Heritage site, provide formal and informal education on the history and biodiversity of the area, manage a balance between cultural and environmental resources, and protect the natural resources in the area by involving the local community in the project's implementation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHOUDHURY, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JANSEN, L. J. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multilingual Thesaurus on Land Tenure</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multilingual Thesaurus on Land Tenure</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land-use classes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/20/2010</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rome</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agro-forestry</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cifuentes Arias, Miguel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opportunities and limitations of contingent valuation surveys to determine national park entrance fees: evidence from Costa Rica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment and Development Economics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opportunities and limitations of contingent valuation surveys to determine national park entrance fees: evidence from Costa Rica</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Best practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Participation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa Rica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Incentives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Parks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tourism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-149</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A contingent valuation method (CVM) survey to determine foreign and res- ident willingness to pay (WTP) for return visits to two different Costa Rican national parks was administered in 1995. WTP values were estimated for future entrance fees as- sociated with proposed improvements to infrastructure and services in the Poas Volcano and the Manuel Antonio parks. Resulting logistic CVM models were statistically robust and mean WTP for entrance fees differed among the parks and were considerably higher than current fees. Results indicate that even in a developing country setting, the CVM is a useful tool to help determine park entrance fees in spite of the following methodologi- cal limitations which are recommended for further study: the need to include potential park visitors in survey samples; the lack of detailed information framing and contingent scenarios for park related WTP questions; and the threat of cultural-strategic biases when surveying residents of a developing country.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodson, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamanjay, Food Security, Sécurité Alimentaire: A Lesson in Communication from BARA's Mixed-Methods Approach to Baseline Research in Haiti, 1994-1996</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Culture and Agriculture</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamanjay, Food Security, Sécurité Alimentaire: A Lesson in Communication from BARA's Mixed-Methods Approach to Baseline Research in Haiti, 1994-1996</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-122</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timyan, Joel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bwa Yo. Important Trees of Haiti</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bwa Yo. Important Trees of Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree crops in Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1st edition</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South-East Consortium for International Development</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0964544903</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SB171.H2 T56 1996</style></call-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Includes bibliographical references (p. 337-350) and index.</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Book in New York Botanical Garden Library</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wojtusik, Thimoty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felker, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">et. al.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cloning of erect, thornless, non- browsed nitrogen fixing trees of Haiti's principal fuelwood species (Prosopis juliflora)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry systems</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cloning of erect, thornless, non- browsed nitrogen fixing trees of Haiti's principal fuelwood species (Prosopis juliflora)</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">293-300</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pelleck, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contour hedgerows and other soil conservation interventions for hilly terrain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contour hedgerows and other soil conservation interventions for hilly terrain.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135-152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Gerald F.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frondorf, Margaret H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The tree gardens of Haiti: from extraction to domestication</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Forestry: Communal and Private Management Strategies Compared</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The tree gardens of Haiti: from extraction to domestication</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Advanced International Studies, The John Hopkins University</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paskett, C.J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philoctet, Charles-Emile</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Conservation in Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Soil and Water Conservation</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Conservation in Haiti</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">457-459</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Gerald F.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fiske, Shirley J.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The domestication of wood in Haiti: a case study in applied evolution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthropological Praxis</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The domestication of wood in Haiti: a case study in applied evolution</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1987</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westview Press</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Gerald F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Tenure and Agro-forestry in Haiti: a case study in anthropological project design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of an International workshop on Tenure issues in Agroforestry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICRAF and the Land Tenure Center.</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nairobi, Kenya</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skean, Dan J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mecranium juddii (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from the Massif de la Hotte, Haiti</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brittonia</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mecranium juddii (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from the Massif de la Hotte, Haiti</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macaya National Park</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Parks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1954</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new species Mercranium juddi was discovered between the elevations of 1650-1700 in the Ravine du Sude on the northern slopes of Morne Formon in Haiti's Macaya National Park. This journal article provides a description and illustration of the species, along with a brief overview of the species found at Macaya National Park, established by the government of Haiti in 1983.</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Columbe, Dominique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueroa, Patricia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental History of Hispaniola Exhibit Bibliography of Works on display published before 1900</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental History of Hispaniola Exhibit Bibliography of Works on display published before 1900</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hispaniola</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Historical Context</style></keyword></keywords><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown University Library</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A bibliography of works published before 1900 displayed in the Environmental History of Hispaniola Exhibit at Brown University Library. References included are in English, French, and Latin.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woolley, James E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Value Chain Assistance Plan: Yam, Sweet Potatoes, and Plantain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Market Chain Enhancement Project (MarChE)</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Value Chain Assistance Plan: Yam, Sweet Potatoes, and Plantain</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">market assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sweet potatoes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USAID</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">value chain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yam</style></keyword></keywords><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Yam, Sweet Potatoes, and Plantain assistance plan will increase revenues received by Yam, Sweet Potatoes, and Plantain farmers at the farm gate through larger yields per crops, better post harvest handling, and marketing between producers, Madame Saras, and eventually exporters. Approximately 900 selected farmers will have been trained within 18 months after the Yam, Sweet Potatoes, and Plantain Classroom and Field Training (CFT) has been launched. There will be no new participants in the last six months, when all efforts will be centered on consolidation, remediation and non-project based replication vehicles. ORE, farmer associations, and exporters will have the capacity to disseminate these practices beyond project life. Improved yield, post harvest handling, and marketing (e.g. packaging, product positioning at open air markets) will increase revenue for these non-traditional commodities. These staple crops production are currently just enough for local consumption. Plantain farmers in particular are facing tough competition from the Dominican Republic because of a lack of volume due to the leaf spot disease known as black sigatoka. However, by March 2011 ORE will have introduced several high yield productions, better and pestresistant varieties of crops, and marketing techniques to farmers in three cities (communes) in the South: Camp-Perrin, Duchity, and Beaumont. Commercial sustainability will result from increased farmer profits at the farm gate through trade with the Madame Saras, continuing access to innovation including new varieties of staple crops, simple inputs and markets by both project and non-project clients. Utilization of input (e.g. vetiver roots (after oil extraction) as fertilizers) will be carefully tailored to measure actual impact on marketable products. ORE will develop a (CFT) program, which will last 4 days for sweet potatoes and plantain farmers. The yam CFT will extend over a longer period of time and will consist of ongoing training because the yam minisetts will require a more hands-on approach to teach farmers how to properly prepare mounts for planting. The field training session also includes post harvest assistance to reduce losses due to yam and sweet potatoes ‚Äúbleeding‚Äù. ORE will select 15 farmers who will be trained as Field Trainers (FTs). Nine of these FTs will be retained in team of three to train approximately 300 sweet potatoes farmers, 300 plantain farmers, and 300 yam farmers. Market Chain Enhancement (MarChE) 5 ORE will train 150 farmers in the first 3 months cycle (or 50 per crop). In cycle two, to begin in October 2010, MarChE and ORE will organize new farmer schools and provide another four (4) days of training to sweet potatoes and plantain farmers and eight (8) days of training to yam-producing farmers. By this time, it is expected a Public Private Alliance will have been submitted between farmer associations and exporters. During the CFTs the trainers will emphasize high yield production and marketing to the farmers to increase their revenue base. Commercial sustainability will result from increased farmer profits at the farm gate, the overriding motivation, and continuing access to technology, simple inputs and markets by both project and non-project clients. ORE will assign three (3) representatives to monitor, track changes achieved, and make appropriate recommendations on the spot, to measure outcome at the farmers' fields.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Document provided by Tatiana Wah</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7, Rue Oge Petion-Ville, Haïti Maurice Wiener, COP </style></auth-address><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">market assessment</style></label></record></records></xml>
